STEP 3

LITERATURE REVIEW PROBLEM 1 (SOLUTION)

• The role of families and teachers in supporting students during the COVID-19 crisis, (OECD,2020). Students’ attitudes and dispositions are influenced to a great degree by the support they receive from families and teachers and by the role models they are exposed to. Different forms of support from families and teachers, including parental emotional support and teacher enthusiasm, are found to be important for the development of positive attitudes towards learning and can ensure that students acquire the attitudes and dispositions that can maximize their ability to make the most of online learning opportunities. Yet, some families and teachers may struggle to provide such support - especially during the COVID-19 crisis - because of a lack of time, insufficient digital skills, or lack of curricular guidelines.
  
  
• Learner-to-Learner engagement. Learner-to-learner interaction is extremely valuable for online learning and leads to student engagement. To prevent online students from experiencing potential boredom and isolation in the learning environment, it is essential to build activities that enhance engagement. These activities assist students in feeling connected and can create a dynamic sense of community. (Revere and Kovach (2011) and Banna et al).
  
  
• .High quality academic instruction. High quality academic instruction is designed to be appropriate to students' educational levels. It also creates opportunity for thinking and analysis, uses feedback effectively to guide students' thinking, and extends students' prior knowledge.
  
  

FINAL SOLUTION (PROBLEM 1)

The role of families and teachers in supporting students during the COVID-19 crisis, (OECD,2020). Students’ attitudes and dispositions are influenced to a great degree by the support they receive from families and teachers and by the role models they are exposed to. Different forms of support from families and teachers, including parental emotional support and teacher enthusiasm, are found to be important for the development of positive attitudes towards learning and can ensure that students acquire the attitudes and dispositions that can maximize their ability to make the most of online learning opportunities. Yet, some families and teachers may struggle to provide such support - especially during the COVID-19 crisis - because of a lack of time, insufficient digital skills, or lack of curricular guidelines. This is the best solution to problem 1 since it involves interactions between teachers and elementary school children that require significant consideration of viewpoints. This is because they are the forerunners or catalysts of a future generation. It is critical for them to learn anything or a lesson that they desire with the assistance or support of family or teachers. Below is the SWOT analysis carried out by our team members.

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LITERATURE REVIEW PROBLEM 2 (SOLUTION)

• To use educational platforms that can be accessed from variety of platforms. According to the written article “Main problems and 6 simple solutions” by Adam Cassity, schoolteachers should use educational platforms that can be accessed from a variety of devices to publish assignments and teach online classes. (Cassity & Scribner, 2021). This is important because the online classes are not limited to only one device to access. For example, when students face internet difficulties on their computer, they can simply switch to another device for example, smartphones and tablets (this is because smartphones and laptops are portable) to continue the online class by searching for a new location nearby with a better bandwidth. 
  
  
•  Creating separate chatroom, forum, social networking group etc. (Cassity & Scribner, 2021).  For example, creating a separate email box for queries and assign it to a responsible technical advisor. This solution requires two-way communication between the teachers and the students. The students need to alert their teachers (take a screenshot as evidence) and don’t panic when they are having technical issues such as internet problem. Do a quick survey to the students if they have technical issues and which platform are the best for the students to have without any Internet difficulties during online classes. Creating separate teaching platform would reduce the disturbance of internet usage. Therefore, this might help in students and teachers have a smooth teaching process. 
  
  
• Conducting asynchronous classes. School teachers are encouraged to carry out asynchronous classes to students. For example, uploading a pre -recorded lecture video. This can allow students to learn on their own schedule, especially learn on the time where the internet connection is stable. This creates a flexible time for the students to attend classes. “A big benefit to asynchronous classes is, of course, the flexibility. Asynchronous online classes mean that you don’t always need to be online at the same time as your instructor or classmates,” (John Muir, 2021) But of course, this solution requires high discipline from the students to follow up the classes. Teachers will still need to conduct a live teaching session at a suitable time, to follow up the learning process of the students and to answer the questions provided by the students during this session.

 

FINAL SOLUTION (PROBLEM 2)

Out of the 3 solutions that we have reviewed. We come out with a conclusion that the 3rd solution, “conducting asynchronous classes”, would be the best solution to the difficulties in internet connection. Videos are a very good idea as they not only allow teachers to explain a certain topic through speech and visuals but also manages to avoid internet related problems as videos do not require students or teachers to be able to stay connected on the internet over long periods of time and they can be uploaded or downloaded overnight when there is less internet usage in a certain area. Videos can be recorded ahead of time by teachers and only be sent when needed to the students together with study material. Not only does this lessen the burden on teachers to think about tasks that should be given to students, but students can also repeatedly use the videos without missing out on certain topics. Should the need to ask questions arise, a special class session can be done, or the students can personally ask the teachers through any communication application. However, there might be flaws with this solution, teaching should still never be stopped due to a few small problems and solutions should always be sought after especially in a time where education is at its utmost importance. Below is the SWOT analysis conducted by our team to this solution.

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LITERATURE REVIEW PROBLEM 3 (SOLUTION)

REQUIRED MORE TIME IN PREPARING COURSE CONTENT OR TECH TOOLS LEARNING 

We know that most of the teachers follow typical classroom-style teaching methods, as they use to teach with only a blackboard and books. It becomes difficult for them to adopt new teaching methods that are completely virtual and technology-driven. As teachers who never attempted to use online platforms in their T&L were required to pick up news skills out of a sudden, many of them spent a lot of time groping in the dark. In fact, even teachers with prior experience in using online learning tools for blended learning opined that the preparation of online lessons was time consuming (Akbulut et al., 2020).  

Most important thing is to get comfortable in a virtual classroom. Find out different kinds of tools that make teaching and assessment simple and easy. Teachers can develop many teaching methods that can improve their learning such as conducting different activities, model making, debates, group activities, virtual tours, group discussions, role play etc. For instance, Teacher 4 and Teacher 162 mentioned that they faced time constraints in online T&L. Teacher 44 admitted that she always took 2 to 3 hours’ worth of extra time preparing the materials. This issue arose because teachers were not familiar with the chosen online teaching platforms (Zhang et al., 2020; Zhou, Wu, Zhou, & Li, 2020) and the ways to look up materials that suit the national syllabus.

    FINAL SOLUTION (PROBLEM 3)

In this era of technology, teachers must be sensitive to the changes that the world is experiencing today. In educational and learning activities based on this rapid technological change, teaching virtually or online learning can make the teacher follow the technological changes. Therefore, teachers should not still use whiteboards, blackboards, and books in the context of online teaching and learning. This is because students will feel bored, which will cause them to have a feeling of not wanting to learn. Therefore, teachers should use technology for the purpose of attracting students and also to prevent students from feeling bored during learning activities. Many of the technologies below can be used to accommodate in class’s unique structure including lectures, labs, group meetings or class tutorials.

• Learning management system (LMS) such as Canvas, Moodle and Blackboard allow teacher to manage courses, assign homework and tests, and track students grades.
  
  
• Digital courseware such as eBook products by Pearson, McGraw-Hill and Top Hat can be used to create and distribute teaching resources (such as textbooks or question packs) to students as a way to create engaging homework experiences.
  
  
• Classroom response systems including I Clicker and Poll Everywhere help instructors quickly gauge student progress through polls or other online discussion strategies in class.
  
  
• Virtual classroom tools like Microsoft Teams and Zoom are used to host synchronous online lectures and let participants engage in breakout rooms or ‘share their screen’ with one another.
  
  
  
  Our team has provided a SWOT analysis to support why the following methods above are effective to the problems that the teachers are facing.

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LITERATURE REVIEW PROBLEM 4 (SOLUTION)

• Building strong self-motivation and disciplinary. It is critical to develop strong self-motivation and disciplinary skills to succeed in an online learning environment. Furthermore, face-to-face communication with teacher can be replaced with online communication, and peer-to-peer activities should be promoted among online students in the same way that they would be in traditional classrooms.
  
  
• Student has more confident. Set yourself up for success by asking for information on any relevant apps you may not understand or how to access the classes. Also, be sure you know how to raise concerns to your teacher, whether it be during the online course, through email, or a different form of communication. 
  
  
• Protect the authenticity of online education. Anti-cheating procedures must be implemented by any online education institution in order to maintain the legitimacy of online education. Online proctoring systems such as Ex amity, which employ multiple anti-cheating tactics such as automatic ID verification and machine learning to detect fraudulent test-takers, are now the most popular anti-cheating tools in E-Learning.

    FINAL SOLUTION (PROBLEM 4)

Building strong self-motivation and disciplinary. It is critical to develop strong self-motivation and disciplinary skills to succeed in an online learning environment. Furthermore, face-to-face communication with professors can be replaced with online communication, and peer-to-peer activities should be promoted among online students in the same way that they would be in traditional classrooms. Below are the SWOT analysis conducted by our team to decide why "Building strong self-motivation and disciplinary" is the best of all solution to this problem.

 

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   REFERENCES

Cassity, A., & Scribner, T. (2021, October 29). E-learning: Main problems and 6 simple solutions. Scholarly Open Access 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://scholarlyoa.com/e-learning-main-problems-and-solutions/

Engagement Matters: Student Perceptions on the Importance of Engagement Strategies in the Online Learning Environment. Florence Martin University of North Carolina Charlotte (2018). Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1179659.pdf

Improving Students' Relationships with Teachers to Provide Essential Supports for Learning. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (2022). Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://www.apa.org/education-career/k12/relationships

Izhar, N. A., Al-dheleai, Y. M., & Na, K. S. (2021, February 24). Teaching in the time of covid-19: The challenges faced by teachers in initiating online class sessions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://hrmars.com/index.php/ijarbss/article/view/9205/Teaching-in-the-Time-of-Covid-19-The-Challenges-Faced-By-Teachers-in-Initiating-Online-Class-Sessions

Muir, J. (2021, March 24). What's the difference between asynchronous and synchronous learning? Ohio State Online. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://online.osu.edu/resources/learn/whats-difference-between-asynchronous-and-synchronous-learning#:~:text=Asynchronous%20learning%20allows%20you%20to,%2C%20of%20course%2C%20the%20flexibility./

Strengthening online learning when schools are closed: The role of families and teachers in supporting students during the COVID-19 crisis. OECD (2022, September 24). Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/strengthening-online-learning-when-schools-are-closed-the-role-of-families-and-teachers-in-supporting-students-during-the-covid-19-crisis-c4ecba6c/

Thorell, A. (2021, May 12). Strengths and weaknesses of Asynchronous Learning. eLearning Industry. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://elearningindustry.com/strengths-weaknesses-asynchronous-learning

Tamm, S. (2022, January 8). 10 Biggest Disadvantages of E-Learning. E-Student. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://e-student.org/disadvantages-of-e-learning/#e-learning-can-cause-social-isolation

3 unique online teaching challenges and how to solve them. Top Hat. (2022, January 28). Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://tophat.com/blog/online-teaching-challenges/